Arthrosis (osteoarthrosis, arthrosis deformans) wani tsari ne na jinkirin raguwa da lalata guringuntsi a cikin haɗin gwiwa. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙasusuwan ƙasusuwa sun zama naƙasassu kuma suna girma, kuma nama na periarticular ya zama kumburi. Babban ganewar asali na "arthrosis" yana nufin rukuni na cututtuka masu kama da bayyanar cututtuka, amma sun bambanta daga asali. Haɗin gwiwa - yankin da abin ya shafa - ya ƙunshi sassan articular da aka rufe da nama na guringuntsi, rami tare da ruwan synovial, membrane synovial da capsule na articular. Tare da cututtuka masu tasowa, ya rasa motsi, kuma mai haƙuri yana jin zafi saboda matakai masu kumburi.
Dalilai
Arthrosis na haɗin gwiwa yana tasowa saboda rashin daidaituwa tsakanin yawan damuwa da karfin jiki. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki, yawan nauyin jiki, aikin jiki mai nauyi har ma da wasanni na iya haifar da wannan.
Abubuwan da ke tasiri ci gaban cutar:
- kwayoyin halitta, predisposition na gado;
- shekaru fiye da shekaru 40;
- kiba, kiba;
- aiki mai zaman kansa, salon rayuwa;
- aiki mai wuyar gaske, aikin da ya ƙunshi aiki na jiki akai-akai;
- cututtuka masu kumburi;
- nakasar haɗin gwiwa pathologies (dysplasia);
- raunuka, raunuka;
- rashin aiki na jiki (rashin jini, rashin daidaituwa na hormones, microelements).
Cutar na iya zama na farko ko na sakandare. Abubuwan da ke haifar da arthrosis na farko har yanzu ba a fahimci su da kyau ba. Likitoci sun yi imanin cewa yana tasowa a gaban abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta (predisposition) da yanayi mara kyau na waje.
Na biyu arthrosis yana faruwa a kan baya na cututtuka masu kumburi, dysplasia, da kuma sakamakon raunin da ya faru, ciki har da masu sana'a.
Wakilan sana'o'in aiki da 'yan wasa suna da damar haɓaka cutar. Wakilan fasaha kuma suna cikin haɗari: masu rawa (musamman ballerinas), 'yan pianists. Arthrosis na haɗin gwiwar wuyan hannu da yatsu sau da yawa yana shafar mutanen da aikinsu ya ƙunshi ingantattun ƙwarewar motsa jiki: injiniyoyi, injiniyoyi, da masu pianists. "Masu sana'a" arthrosis na loaders suna cikin gwiwoyi, kasusuwa, da gwiwar hannu. Direbobi, masu zane-zane, da masu hakar ma'adinai suna fama da haɗin gwiwar gwiwar hannu da kafaɗa. Rashin raunin ballerinas shine idon kafa. Har ila yau, 'yan wasa sun fi samun rauni a idon sawu da sauran haɗin gwiwar hannu da ƙafafu, ya danganta da nau'in ayyukan wasanni. Alal misali, dan wasan tennis zai kasance cikin haɗari ga kafada da ciwon haɗin gwiwa.
Pathogenesis
Canje-canje na tsari a cikin guringuntsi yana faruwa saboda rashin daidaituwa tsakanin rushewar nama da gyarawa. Collagen da proteoglycans suna sannu a hankali "wanke" daga jiki, ba a ba da sababbin abubuwan gina jiki ba. Nama na guringuntsi ya rasa elasticity, ya zama mai laushi kuma ba zai iya jure damuwa ba.
Ba tare da la'akari da wuri da tushen tushen ba, cutar ta tasowa ta hanya ɗaya. A hankali, guringuntsi ya lalace gaba ɗaya, kashin ya ƙare "niƙa" da juna. Mai haƙuri yana jin zafi, wanda ƙarfinsa ya karu dangane da mataki. Motsi na haɗin gwiwa a hankali yana raguwa, mai haƙuri yana iyakancewa a cikin motsi.
p>Rabewa
Orthopedists suna amfani da rabe-raben da farfesa ya tsara a 1961:
- Mataki na I. Kashi ya zama mai yawa, sararin haɗin gwiwa yana dan kunkuntar. Rashin jin daɗi a lokacin aikin jiki, wanda ke tafiya bayan hutawa;
- Mataki na II. Wurin haɗin gwiwa yana raguwa sosai, gefuna na kasusuwa suna girma, kuma nama mai haɗawa ya zama mai yawa. Jin zafi ya zama m, tsokoki suna da hypertrophed, haɗin gwiwa yana da ƙasa da wayar hannu, takamaiman bayyanar cututtuka suna bayyana a wurin;
- Mataki na III. Filin haɗin gwiwa a zahiri ba ya nan, haɓakar ƙashi yana da yawa, kuma yana yiwuwa lalata kashi a ƙarƙashin guringuntsi. Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa gaba ɗaya ta lalace kuma ba ta motsi. Ciwon zafi mai tsanani ko akai-akai yana yiwuwa dangane da nau'in da wurin da cutar;
Dangane da wurin da nau'in cutar, alamun cututtuka, saurin ci gaba, da hanyoyin magani zasu bambanta.
Siffofin
Cutar tana da nau'i na yau da kullum, amma kuma yana iya faruwa a cikin wani nau'i mai mahimmanci.
Lokacin da cutar ta yadu zuwa ga gidajen abinci da yawa (misali, yatsu), ana kiranta gama gari.
Siffofin Halitta:
- nakasa (osteoarthrosis). Yana haifar da haɓakar kashi;
- uncovertebral. Yana lalata fayafai da nama na intervertebral a cikin yankin mahaifa;
- post-traumatic. Yana tasowa a sakamakon rauni, rauni;
- rheumatoid. Cutar cututtuka na autoimmune, kumburin nama mai haɗuwa. Zai iya zama sakamakon cututtukan cututtukan da suka gabata;
- psoriatic. Yana tasowa akan bangon psoriatic arthritis.
Wurare
Osteoarthritis cuta ce da ke shafar gabobin jiki a ko'ina cikin jiki.
Kashin baya. Dalilin na iya zama cututtuka na autoimmune, cututtuka na baya, ƙara yawan damuwa, raunin da ya faru, rashin microelements, rashin daidaituwa na hormonal.
Wurare:
- coccyx;
- yankin lumbar;
- thoracic kashin baya;
- yankin mahaifa
Kafafu. Gwiwoyi da idon sawu sun fi saurin kamuwa da arthrosis. Dalilan sune raunin da ya faru, nauyi mai yawa, kuskure, nauyi mai yawa. Nau'in wuri:
- gonarthrosis - gwiwoyi;
- patellofemoral - femur da patella;
- idon kafa;
- haɗin gwiwa talonavicular;
- ƙafafu da yatsun kafa.
Hannu. Launuka na hannaye da yatsunsu sun fi yawa, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta ana danganta su da ayyukan sana'a, raunin da ya faru, shekaru masu dangantaka da canjin hormonal. Bugu da ƙari, an gano cutar a cikin kafada, wuyan hannu da haɗin gwiwar gwiwar hannu.
Torso. Ƙaddamarwa a cikin akwati ba ta da yawa idan aka kwatanta da arthrosis na extremities. Launuka suna hade da ayyukan ƙwararru, salon rayuwa (tsayawa).
Nau'in wuri:
- kashin wuya. Lokacin motsi, ana jin "danna" da zafi. A cikin haɗari sune 'yan wasa da ke da hannu wajen ɗaukar nauyi da sojoji saboda yiwuwar raunin da ya faru;
- haɗin gwiwa na hip (coxarthrosis). Cutar ta bayyana kanta a matsayin ciwo a cikin makwancin gwaiwa.
Head>. Wani lokaci matsalolin hakori, rashin cin gashin kai har ma da asarar ji suna haifar da lalacewa ga haɗin gwiwa na ɗan lokaci. Kumburi yana rushe daidaiton fuska, yana iya shafar kunne kuma yana haifar da ciwon kai.
Alamun
Alamomin cutar sun dogara ne akan wurin da take. Bayyanuwa gama gari ga kowane nau'i sune:
- zafi a yankin da abin ya shafa. A cikin matakan farko - a lokacin motsi, aiki, a cikin matakai na gaba - a hutawa;
- kumburi, kumburi. Kwayoyin periarticular suna kumbura, fata ta juya ja;
- "danna", crunching. Lokacin motsi, ana jin sautunan halaye;
- wahalar motsi. Yayin da cutar ta ci gaba, motsi na yankin da abin ya shafa ya lalace;
- dauki ga sanyi. Yawancin nau'ikan arthrosis suna halin haɓakawa a cikin ruwan sama da yanayin sanyi.
Exacerbations na cutar suna hade da gaba ɗaya raunana na kiwon lafiya. Saboda cututtuka na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri da kuma ƙara yawan damuwa, yana ɗaukar nau'i mai mahimmanci kuma yana tasowa sau da yawa da sauri. A lokacin tashin hankali, bayyanar cututtuka, musamman zafi, sun zama mafi bayyana. Yana da wahala ga mai haƙuri ya motsa, zuwa maƙasudin cikakkiyar asarar motsi, da yin aikin da aka saba.
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa
Babban haɗari shine asarar motsi na haɗin gwiwa, lalacewarsa fiye da yiwuwar dawowa. Saboda ƙaura na axis, matsayi yana rushewa kuma adadi ya rasa daidaito. Matsaloli mai yuwuwa a kan gabobin ciki, ƙaura, matsawa. Cututtuka masu haɗuwa da gazawar tsarin jiki suna bayyana. Alal misali, tare da arthrosis na coccyx a cikin mata, matsalolin gynecological na iya yiwuwa, kuma arthrosis na haɗin gwiwa na temporomandibular ko kashin mahaifa yana haifar da damuwa a cikin tsarin autonomic: dizziness, damuwa barci. Mai haƙuri da arthrosis na iya zama naƙasasshe.
Bincike
Don yin ganewar asali, ana gudanar da cikakken bincike:
- shan anamnesis;
- rediyo a cikin tsinkaye da yawa;
- MRI da CT don ware ciwace-ciwacen daji da samun hoto mai girma uku;
- gwaje-gwajen jini da fitsari don ware cututtuka masu haɗuwa da tantance lafiyar gabaɗaya.
Dangane da dalilin cutar, ana tura majiyyaci zuwa likitan ilimin rheumatologist, likitan traumatologist, likitan tiyata ko likitan kasusuwa.
Magani
Mataki na I na cutar ya fi dacewa da magani. Marasa lafiya tare da mataki na II na iya tsammanin taimako na dogon lokaci daga lalata kashi. Mataki na III galibi yana buƙatar shiga tsakani.
Maganin Conservative (wanda ba na tiyata ba):
- physiotherapy, amfani da orthoses, canes, crutches don rage nauyi. Kawar da rakiyar abubuwan da ke kara tsanantawa (misali, asarar nauyi, damuwa, canjin aiki);
- shan magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal. Zaɓaɓɓen masu hana COX-2 sune mafi inganci. Chondroprotectors da atypical antidepressants an wajabta su azaman taimako;
- alluran intra-articular na hormones na glucocorticoid don rage zafi mai tsanani da kumburi.
Hanyoyin tiyata:
- arthroscopy - jarrabawar ciki na haɗin gwiwa da kuma kawar da gutsuttsuran guringuntsi;
- arthroplasty - dasawa na guringuntsi na wucin gadi;
- osteotomy - cirewa ko rarraba nama na kashi;
- chondroplasty - maido da guringuntsi;
- arthrodesis - wucin gadi immobilization na haɗin gwiwa (yawanci idon kafa);
- endoprosthetics - cirewa da maye gurbin da aka lalata tare da na wucin gadi.
Maganin Cardinal yana ba ku damar dakatar da cutar ko da a ƙarshen mataki. Yana yiwuwa a mayar da motsi a cikin keɓaɓɓen lokuta (bayan maye gurbin shi da na wucin gadi). Duk da haka, wannan hanya tana da tasiri wajen magance ciwo. Bayan tiyata, ana buƙatar farfadowa ta amfani da hanyoyin physiotherapeutic da magunguna.
Hasashen da rigakafin
Bayan fara jiyya don mataki na I da II arthrosis, ci gaba mai dorewa yana faruwa: zafi da kumburi sun tafi. A wannan yanayin, cikakken taimako na cutar ko kiyayewa na dogon lokaci yana yiwuwa.
Lokacin zalunta mataki na III arthrosis, haɓakawa ba ya faruwa nan da nan. A wasu lokuta, bacewar ciwo yana yiwuwa ne kawai bayan tiyata. Sau da yawa haɗin gwiwa yana zama mara motsi ko maras kyau. Marasa lafiya tare da nau'i mai tsanani na arthrosis na hip da gwiwa suna karɓar ƙungiyar nakasa I ko II.
An tabbatar da cewa babu wani tasiri mai tasiri akan arthrosis. Kula da nauyin nauyi, daidaitaccen abinci da matsakaicin matsakaicin motsa jiki zai taimaka rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar. Binciken a farkon alamun arthrosis (musamman bayan raunuka da cututtuka masu yaduwa) da kulawa da hankali ga lafiyar jiki zai ba ka damar gano cutar a farkon mataki.